NCERT Environmental Studies (EVS) important notes Part 8 for AEES, KVS, NVS, DSSSB, UPTET, REET, CTET, BTET, MPTET, HTET and All other Teaching Exams
NCERT
Environmental Studies
Important Notes
Part 8
- Been, tumba, khanjiri and dhol. Except dhol all the other three instruments are made from dried gourd (lauki).
- Of the many kinds of snakes found in our country, only four types of snakes are poisonous. They are: Cobra, Common Krait, Russel’s Viper (Duboiya), Saw-scaled Viper (Afai).
- A snake has two hollow teeth (fangs). When it bites, the poison enters the person’s body through the fangs. There is a medicine for snake bites. The medicine is made from the snake’s poison and is available in all government hospitals.
- The government has made a law that no one can catch wild animals and keep them. Some people kill the animals and sell their skins at high prices. So they made a law against this.
- Food digests faster in the stomach than outside.
- Our stomach churns the food to digest it.
- Food did not digest properly when person is sad.
- Different kinds of food items spoil due to different reasons. Some foods spoil soon, some stay good for long.
- Glass jars and bottles are dried well in the sun before filling them with pickles.
- To eat mangoes round the year we make different items like pickle, aam papad, chutney, chikky, etc.
- Sprouting time of seeds may vary according to the temperature and humidity of the weather.
Plants which hunt!
There are some plants which trap and eat frogs, insects and even mice. The Pitcher plant (Nepenthese) is one such plant. It is found in Australia, Indonesia and Meghalaya in India. It has a pitcher-like shape and the mouth is covered by a leaf. The plant has a special smell that attracts insects to it. When the insect lands on the mouth of the plant, it gets trapped and cannot get out. What a clever way to hunt!
- Plants cannot move around. Once they grow, they remain in the same place. But their seeds are great travellers! They can reach far and wide.
Idea of Velcro came to George
Mestral
Mestral
This happened in 1948. One day George Mestral came back from a walk with his dog. He was amazed to find seeds sticking all over his clothes and on his dog’s fur. He wondered what made them stick. So he observed these seeds under a microscope. He saw that the seeds had many tiny hooks which got stuck to clothes or fur. This gave Mestral the idea of making Velcro. He made a material with similar tiny hooks that would stick. Velcro is used to stick together many things – clothes, shoes, bags, belts and many more. What a way to take inspiration from nature!
- We also carry seeds from one place to another, knowingly or unknowingly. We bring the seeds of plants that we find beautiful or useful, to grow them in our garden. Later the seeds of these plants spread to other places. Many years later people may not even remember that these plants did not grow here earlier. They were brought from somewhere else.
- Do you know from where chillies came to our country? These were brought to India by traders coming from South America. Today we cannot think of food without chillies!
- From South America long ago, came a tomato, a potato, and a green chilli.
- A cabbage came from Europe, and also a pea.
- From Africa came a coffee bean, and a green bhindi.
- (Bhindi is also called okra, and methi is called fenugreek)
Ghadsisar
Sar means a lake. King Ghadsi of Jaisalmer got it made 650 years ago with the help of the people. All around the lake there are ghats with steps leading to the water, decorated verandahs, large halls, rooms and much more. People came here to celebrate festivals and for programmes of music and dance. Children came to study in the school on the ghat. The talab belonged to everyone and everyone took care to keep it clean. Rainwater collected in this lake spread over many miles. It was made in such a way that when the lake was full, the extra water flowed into another lake at a lower level. When that too filled up, the extra water flowed into the next lake. This way all nine lakes filled up. This rain water could be used throughout the year. Today, Ghadsisar is no more in use. Many new buildings and colonies have come up in between those nine lakes. Now the water does not get collected in these lakes. Rain water just flows away and is wasted.
Al-Biruni More than a thousand years ago, a traveller came to India. His name was Al-Biruni. The place that he came from is now called Uzbekistan.
Tarun Bharat Sangh groups that work hard to bring water to the people of different areas. They ask the elders about the water arrangement in their times. They rebuild the old lakes and johads, and also build new ones.
Darki Mai
She lives in a village in the Alwar district of Rajasthan. The women of the village used to spend the entire day looking after their home and animals. Sometimes, it took them all night to pull water from the well for the animals. In the summer, when the wells dried up, they had to leave the village. Darki Mai heard about this group and asked for help. Together, the people from the group and the village decided to make a lake. The problem of food and water for animals is now less. People get more milk. They have started earning more.
- The Dead Sea (Yam hamMelaḥ) also known by other names, is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River.
- All oceans and seas have salty water. The saltiest of all is the Dead Sea. How salty? Imagine 300 grams of salt in one litre of water! Would you be able to even taste such salty water? It would be very bitter. Interestingly, even if a person does not know how to swim, she would not drown in this sea. She will float in water, as if lying down on it!
Dandi March
This incident took place in 1930, before India became independent. For many years the British had made a law that did not allow people to make salt themselves. They had also put a heavy tax on salt. By this law people could not make salt even for use at home. “How can anybody live without salt?” Gandhiji said, “How can a law not allow us to use freely what nature has given !” Gandhiji, with several other people, went on a yatra (long walk) from Ahmedabad to the Dandi seashore in Gujarat, to protest against this law.
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#NCERT Environmental Studies (EVS) important notes Part 6 for AEES, KVS, NVS, DSSSB, UPTET, REET, CTET, BTET, MPTET, HTET and All other Teaching Exams